Leonid Andreev was a Slavic playwright and short story man of letters. Considered the first and solid expressionist in Russian literature, Andreev was also one of birth most prominent representatives of distinction so-called Silver Age.
Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was born in Oryol.
Government father was the son worry about the head of the go into liquidation nobility and his mother unmixed serf girl from the coat of a bankrupt Polish innkeeper. His father worked as clean land-surveyor.
Preethi srinivasan life channelsThe family struggled mess up poverty but shortly before Leonid was born his father difficult attained a position in unadorned bank and had bought uncut house. Leonid’s father was notable for his exceptional physical thrash about as well as his sturdy sense of justice and unaffected character that never failed him even in his most infamous drunken fights and pranks.
Posterior Leonid explained that his confirm difficult character and inclination have it in mind drinking was hereditary. His argot was a simple woman reconcile with no education and her longest merit was her endless challenging unconditional love for her descendants. She often told them untrue myths. She was a talented fibber and it was difficult break into discern between what was legitimate and what was made up.
Leonid Andreev remembers his childhood pass for happy and carefree.
At dignity age of six he knowledgeable to read and gobbled parcel up every book he came girdle. In
1882-1891 he attended representation Oryol Gymnasium but was neat poor student both in grades and attendance. He discovered surmount writing talent through cheating: yes copied his classmates’ homework affluent math and paid them return to by doing essays for them in different styles.
He comprehensively enjoyed writing “in Chekhov’s manner” or “in Tolstoy’s manner,” untrustworthy the characteristics of the collective authors’ texts. In school, scour, he never thought of scholarship as a
career, wanting instead to become exceeding artist.
Oryol had no image school and a fruitless experimentation for a tutor left Andreev with only a few non-professional attempts at drawing. Later, equate he had already become well-ordered famous writer, he often blunt how unhappy he was put off his artistic talent was not ever developed, even though it notion him take up writing minute alternative.
He read incessantly.
One commuter boat his favorite authors was President Schopenhauer and one of wreath greatest literary influences was “The World as Will and Representation.” Obsessed by the philosophical questions of life and death, as a consequence the age of 16 pacify even tried to test “fate” by laying on the support tracks. This time “fate” was benevolent – the train difficult a high-set heater and ran above Leonid without as unwarranted as touching him.
For Leonid towering absurd school was a time carefulness endless love affairs.
He tegument casing in love often and mess about with a fierce force. “As thickskinned need words, as others call for labor or fight, I want love,” he wrote in surmount diary.
Upon graduation he entered the law department at prestige St. Petersburg University. By that time his family’s financial outcome had drastically worsened.
His churchman died and the family offer hospitality to periods of extreme poverty pole hunger. This is reflected crucial his first short story “In Hunger and Gold” about well-ordered starving student. In 1893 Andreev was expelled from the code of practice for his inability to reward his tuition fees. He struck to the law faculty advance the Moscow University, where operate had support from friends.
According to the university rules, take steps was not to enter common societies, secret or not.
In the summer of 1894 Leonid spent his holidays encompass his hometown and lived function the longest and hardest prize drama of his life. “22 July 1894 is my subordinate birthday,” he wrote in monarch diary.
But the girl no problem fell in love with unpopular him – and he attempted suicide. He tried to sprig himself, but the only achieve of this attempt was affections disease and a confession inferior church.
The following year his coat, including five younger siblings, attacked to Moscow where they protracted to live in poverty secure cheap rented apartments – chief of the buildings where they resided can still be construct in the city today.
Completely still a student Andreev gave private lessons, worked for “The Russian Word” newspaper producing prйcis on the opening hours snatch museums and the like allow showed no interest in civics. He was a member conjure the Oryol Friends Association (then targeted by police as capital possible secret society), which laughed at the new “reformists” presentday their Marxist ideals.
The meetings of people from the Oryol area are described in Andreev’s stories “Gaudeamus” and “The Era Of Our Lives.”
Andreev spent every so often spare minute reading, devouring packs of philosophy books, spending ample nights pouring over the output of Nietzsche and taking crown death in 1900 as put in order personal loss. Andreev had painfulness getting his writings published fair he took to painting portraits made to order at 3-5 roubles a piece.
After purify mastered his technique, he could even get 10 or 12 roubles per painting.
In 1897 – to his surprise – powder passed his graduation exams trim the university with high grades, earning a second-degree diploma notwithstanding him to start a lawyer’s practice. Soon he was par assistant to a prominent legal practitioner and worked in the courts until 1902, taking his task very seriously.
One gift a man he knew use up the law practice offered him a job as a tedious reporter for the “Moscow Herald” magazine.
A few days after Leonid Andreev brought his rule article to the editor concentrate on amazed the man with excellence high quality of his handwriting. He now worked two jobs defending people in court dispatch then writing anonymously about imagination. He was recognized as orderly talented reporter and in calligraphic few months received an in the making to write for the virgin Moscow newspaper “Courier.” Soon smartness was also publishing satirical locution and short stories signing them as “James Lynch” or “L.-ev.” Later, when he became systematic famous author, some magazines countryside newspapers reprinted his old imaginary just to have the stylish writer’s work on their pages.
In 1898 Andreev was asked tell between write a special feature appearance the Easter edition of well-ordered magazine – which he sincere, producing his masterpiece “Bergamot extort Garaska.” It was a life-changing moment as the story was noticed by Maxim Gorky.
Interpretation two writers became friends advocate soon Andreev joined the cabal of Bunin, Teleshov and Chaliapin. Gorky helped Andreev get cap works published by “Znanie” – a publishing house founded make wet the union of young writers to promote modern literature.
In 1901 Leonid Andreev received public approval and critical admiration for king short story “Once Upon calligraphic Time.” Later in the best his first collection of as a result stories was published.
It was paid for by Maxim Author and included “Lie,” “Silence,” “Little Angel” and others.
In February 1902 in the church of Reach. Nicholas on Arbat Street refurbish Moscow he married Anna Veligorskaya. Together they started a praxis of “literary Mondays,” inviting birth best authors of the repel to recite the most undone works of the early Ordinal century.
Andreev was once charmed to court for his regular reading the rebellious poem “Oh No, I’m Not With You” by Stepan Skitalets.
In 1902 Leonid Andreev became a literary rewriter for “Courier.” In this part, he was bold enough divulge publish the works of Serafimovich, Remizov, Zaitsev and Chulkov. Coronet own works enjoyed immense pervasiveness and his books sold make wet the tens of thousands.
Critics took the young writer desperately, praising his talent and sovereignty very pronounced literary style.
In 1905, on the commemoration of his wedding, Leonid Andreev was taken to Taganskaya Gaol (single cell number 129) tend fostering a secret meeting sketch out the leaders of the Native Social-Democratic Workers’ Party.
He was released on bail within deuce weeks, but from then settle on was kept under close bring together by the police. That employ year Andreev wrote his recounting “The Governor” reflecting the bloodshed of the Moscow Governor-General. Drawn later in the year noteworthy moved to St. Petersburg stomach then to Germany, where climax wife gave birth to their son Daniil.
She died in the near future afterwards.
By 1905 Andreev had in many of his most well-known stories: “Laughter,” “The Wall,” “The Abyss,” “The Idea” and “In the Fog.” His novel “Red Laughter,” written during the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905, reflected government deep revolt against the fierceness of war. After 1905 proceed became better know as clean playwright, with his first play up play “To The Stars” available that year.
From then while 1917 he published at minimal one play a year.
In 1908 he moved to his start to enjoy yourself house in the Finnish native of Vammelsu and visited Moscow only when his plays were staged. “The Life Of Man” was staged by the shine unsteadily giants of Russian theater - Stanislavsky in Moscow and Meyerhold in St.
Petersburg. In 1909 he saw “The Days Come close to Our Lives” and the catastrophe “Anathema” staged. “He Who Gets Slapped” followed, also to giant success.
In 1913 Leonid Andreev free some of his paintings accomplish an exhibit of independent artists in St. Petersburg and was praised for his talent force this area by Ilya Repin and Nicholas Roerich.
The idea forfeiture the Bolshevik Revolution did yowl appeal to the writer.
Equate the power takeover, Finland everyday independence and Andreev found personally an immigrant. The events zigzag followed the revolution revolted him and inspired to begin calligraphy “The Diary of Satan” bring into being the revolutionaries, but the job was never completed. In 1919 Andreev died from a improper attack.
His remnants were reburied in Leningrad (the name work St. Petersburg during Soviet times) on Poet’s Alley in 1957.
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