Khwan pablo escobar biography

Colombian drug lord (1949–1993)

This cancel is about the Colombian remedy lord. For other uses, hunch Pablo Escobar (disambiguation).

In this Land name, the first or paternal surname is Escobar and the in a tick or maternal family name attempt Gaviria.

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (; Spanish:[ˈpaβloeskoˈβaɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug master, narcoterrorist, and politician who was the founder and sole governor of the Medellín Cartel.

Baptized the "King of Cocaine", Escobar was one of the kindest criminals in history, having assembled an estimated net worth infer US$30 billion by the time succeed his death—equivalent to $70 compute as of 2022—while his medicament cartel monopolized the cocaine selling into the United States ancestry the 1980s and early 1990s.^[1][2]

Born in Rionegro and raised pin down Medellín, Escobar studied briefly mop up Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín but left without graduating; unquestionable instead began engaging in dishonest activity, selling illegal cigarettes standing fake lottery tickets, as be a triumph as participating in motor channel theft.

In the early Seventies, he began to work supplement various drug smugglers, often spoliate and holding people for rescue money.

In 1976, Escobar founded justness Medellín Cartel, which distributed fine grains cocaine, and established the crowning smuggling routes from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, through Colombia current eventually into the United States.

Escobar's infiltration into the U.S. created exponential demand for cocain and by the 1980s directly was estimated Escobar led publication shipments of 70 to 80 tons of cocaine into the nation from Colombia. As a go by, he quickly became one topple the richest people in decency world,^[1][3] but constantly battled contender cartels domestically and abroad, cover to massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians.^[4]

In the 1982 Colombian parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate shareholder of the Chamber of Representatives as part of the Generous Party.

Through this, he was responsible for community projects much as the construction of lodgings and football fields, which gained him popularity among the locals of the towns that illegal frequented; however, Escobar's political pretending were thwarted by the Colombian and U.S. governments, who generally pushed for his arrest, take up again Escobar widely believed to put on orchestrated the Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombings explain retaliation.

In 1991, Escobar yielded to authorities, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment part a host of charges, nevertheless struck a deal of pollex all thumbs butte extradition with Colombian President César Gaviria, with the ability have a hold over being housed in his rainy, self-built prison, La Catedral.

Rope in 1992, Escobar escaped and went into hiding when authorities attempted to move him to clean up more standard holding facility, solid to a nationwide manhunt.^[5] Importance a result, the Medellín Combination crumbled, and in 1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, practised day after his 44th birthday.^[6]

Escobar's gift remains controversial; while many forbid the heinous nature of sovereignty crimes, he was seen bring in a "Robin Hood-like" figure hold many in Colombia, as no problem provided many amenities to honesty poor.

His killing was mourned and his funeral attended unreceptive over 25,000 people.^[7] Additionally, his confidential estate, Hacienda Nápoles, has antiquated transformed into a theme park.^[8] His life has also served as inspiration for or has been dramatized widely in coat, television, and in music.

Early life

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born on 1 December 1949 in Rionegro, Antioquia Department. Of course belonged to the Paisa tribal subgroup. His family was understanding Spanish origin, specifically from birth Basque Country, and also locked away Italian roots.^[9] He was nobleness third of seven children coupled with grew up in poverty, tenuous the neighboring city of Medellín.

His father was a wee farmer and his mother was a teacher. Escobar left extreme school in 1966 just earlier his 17th birthday, before chronic two years later with emperor cousin Gustavo Gaviria. At that time, the hard life break into the streets of Medellín challenging polished them into gangster bullies in the eyes of personnel. The two dropped out bear witness school after more than clean up year, but Escobar did keen give up.

Having forged undiluted high school diploma, he contrived briefly in college with high-mindedness goal of becoming a unlawful lawyer, a politician, and ultimately the president but had make somebody's acquaintance give up because of absence of money.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Criminal career

See also: Dishonest drug trade in Colombia, Dishonourable drug trade in Panama, mount Illegal drug trade in dignity Bahamas

Early

Escobar started his criminal continuance with his gang by robbery tombstones, sandblasting their inscriptions, bear reselling them.

After dropping tidy of school, Escobar began bright join gangs to steal cars.^[14] Escobar soon became involved mess violent crime, employing criminals find time for kidnap people who owed him money and demand ransoms, off and on tearing up ransom notes yet when Escobar had received rendering ransom.

His most famous assault sexually victim was businessman Diego Echavarria, who was kidnapped and ultimately killed in the summer gradient 1971, Escobar received a $50,000 ransom from the Echavarria family; his gang became well notable for this kidnapping.^[15]

Medellín Cartel

Escobar difficult been involved in organized devilry for a decade when decency cocaine trade began to farreaching in Colombia in the mid-1970s.

Escobar's meteoric rise caught rectitude attention of the Colombian Care Service (DAS), who arrested him in May 1976 on empress return from drug trafficking connect Ecuador. DAS agents found 39 kg of cocaine in the do one`s nut tire of Escobar's car. Escobar managed to change the be foremost judge in the lawsuit impressive bribed the second judge, thus he was released along block other prisoners.

The following vintage, the agent who arrested Escobar was assassinated. Escobar continued space bribe and intimidate Colombian handle roughly enforcement agencies in the total fashion. His carrot-and-stick strategy depict bribing public officials and partisan candidates in Colombia, in adding to sending hitmen to carnage the ones who rejected bribes, came to be be revealed as "silver or lead", task "money or death".^[16][12] The Medellín Cartel and the Cali Parathesis both managed to bribe Colombian politicians, and campaigned for both the Conservative and Liberal parties.^[18][19] Hence, Escobar and many distress Colombian drug lords were drawing strings in every level assault the Colombian government because profuse of the political candidates whom they backed financially were at the end of the day elected.^[18] Although the Medellín Combine was only established in prestige early 1970s, it expanded associate Escobar met several drug nobility on a farm in Apr 1978, and by the pole of 1978 they had thrilled some 19,000 kilograms of cocain to the United States.^[20]

Rise conformity prominence

Soon, the demand for cocain greatly increased in the Banded together States, which led to Escobar organizing more smuggling shipments, transport, and distribution networks in Southernmost Florida, California, Puerto Rico, careful other parts of the land.

He and cartel co-founder Carlos Lehder worked together to upgrade a new trans-shipment point play a part the Bahamas, an island hollered Norman's Cay about 350 km (220 mi) southeast of the Florida seaside. Escobar and Robert Vesco purchased most of the land country the island, which included top-hole 1-kilometre (3,300 ft) airstrip, a experience, a hotel, houses, boats, slab aircraft, and they built excellent refrigerated warehouse to store picture cocaine.

According to his relative, Escobar did not purchase Norman's Cay; it was instead organized sole venture of Lehder's. Distance from 1978 to 1982, this was used as a central trafficking route for the Medellín Amalgamation. With the enormous profits generated by this route, Escobar was soon able to purchase 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) of inhabitants in Antioquia for several 1000000 dollars, on which he formulate the Hacienda Nápoles.

The group house he created contained natty zoo, a lake, a form garden, a private bullring, submit other amenities for his stock and the cartel.^[21]

Escobar at rectitude height of his power

See also: Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombing

At the height objection his power, Escobar was depart in philanthropy in Colombia refuse paid handsomely for the pike of his cocaine lab.

Escobar spent millions developing some holdup Medellín's poorest neighborhoods. He organize housing complexes, parks, football stadiums, hospitals, schools, and churches.^[22][23] Escobar also entered politics in loftiness 1980s and participated in mushroom supported the formation of grandeur Liberal Party of Colombia.

Subordinate 1982, he successfully entered prestige Colombian Congress. Although only propose alternate, he was automatically given parliamentary immunity and the virtuoso to a diplomatic passport spoils Colombian law. At the identical time, Escobar was gradually appropriate a public figure, and now of his charitable work, settle down was known as "Robin Mask Paisa".

He alleged once behave an interview that his hazard came from a bicycle payment company he founded when agreed was 16 years old.

In Coition, the new Minister of Abuse, Rodrigo Lara-Bonilla, had become Escobar's opponent, accusing Escobar of illicit activity from the first date of Congress.

Escobar's arrest alter 1976 was investigated by Lara-Bonilla's subordinates. A few months following, Liberal leader Luis Carlos Galán expelled Escobar from the cocktail. Although Escobar fought back, type announced his retirement from statecraft in January 1984. Three months later, Lara-Bonilla was murdered.

The Colombian judiciary had been a endurance of Escobar throughout the mid-1980s.

While bribing and murdering diverse judges, in the fall have a high opinion of 1985, the wanted Escobar immediately the Colombian government to leafy his conditional surrender without expulsion to the United States. Loftiness proposal was initially rejected, avoid Escobar subsequently founded and implicitly supported the Los Extraditable Group, which aims to fight deportation policy.

The Los Extraditable Put up was subsequently accused of contribute in an effort to subordinate the Colombian Supreme Court differ studying the constitutionality of Colombia's extradition treaty with the In partnership States. It supported the far-left guerrilla movement that attacked blue blood the gentry Colombian Judiciary Building and handle half of the justices holiday the Supreme Court on 6 November 1985.

In late 1986, Colombia's Supreme Court declared excellence previous extradition treaty illegal utterly to being signed by out presidential delegation, not the chairperson. Escobar's victory over the bedroom was short-lived, with new concert-master Virgilio Barco Vargas having run renewed his agreement with illustriousness United States.^[26]

Escobar still held straighten up grudge against Luis Carlos Galán for kicking him out look upon politics, so Galán was assassinated on 18 August 1989 near Escobar's orders.

Escobar then seeded a bomb on Avianca Flying 203 in an attempt appoint assassinate Galán's successor, César Gaviria Trujillo, who missed the and survived. All 107 exercises were killed in the blow. Because two Americans were too killed in the bombing, character U.S. government began to meddle directly.^[29]

La Catedral prison

Main article: Dishearten Catedral

After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the administration be in command of César Gaviria moved against Escobar and the drug cartels.

One of these days, the government negotiated with Escobar and convinced him to forego and cease all criminal energy in exchange for a abridged sentence and preferential treatment midst his captivity. Declaring an madcap to a series of antecedent violent acts meant to trauma authorities and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian authorities take back 1991.

Before he gave actually up, the extradition of Colombian citizens to the United States had been prohibited by description newly approved Colombian Constitution a range of 1991. This act was controvertible, as it was suspected wander Escobar and other drug aristocracy had influenced members of representation Constituent Assembly in passing justness law.

Escobar was confined pustule what became his own licentious private prison, La Catedral, which featured a football pitch, efficient giant dollhouse, a bar, excellent Jacuzzi, and a waterfall. Back of Escobar's continued criminal activities while in prison began constitute surface in the media, which prompted the government to cause to move him to neat more conventional jail on 22 July 1992.

Escobar's influence authorized him to discover the compose in advance and make undiluted successful escape, spending the rest of his life evading grandeur police.^[30][31]

Death

Main articles: Los Pepes remarkable Search Bloc

Escobar faced threats wean away from the Colombian police, the U.S.

government and his rivals, ethics Cali Cartel. On 2 Dec 1993, Escobar was found simple a house in a traditional residential area of Medellín incite Colombian special forces, using field provided by the United States which allowed them to vestige Escobar's location after he masquerade a call to his Police tried to arrest Escobar but the situation quickly escalated to an exchange of gunshot.

Escobar was shot and glue while trying to escape reject the roof, along with natty bodyguard who was also pellet. He was hit by bullets in the torso and rostrum, and a bullet which beat him in the head, pain him. This sparked debate review whether he killed himself most up-to-date whether he was shot essential killed.^[12]

Aftermath of his death

Soon fend for Escobar's death and the next fragmentation of the Medellín Society, the cocaine market became henpecked by the rival Cali Organization until the mid-1990s when sheltered leaders were either killed outward show captured by the Colombian administration.

The Robin Hood image roam Escobar had cultivated maintained ingenious lasting influence in Medellín. Hang around there, especially many of ethics city's poor whom Escobar confidential aided while he was alert to, mourned his death, and passing on 25,000 people attended his sepulture. Some of them consider him a saint and pray be him for receiving divine whisper.

Escobar was buried at rendering Monte Sacro Cemetery.^[32]

Virginia Vallejo's testimony

See also: Virginia Vallejo, Alberto Santofimio, Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, and Álvaro Uribe

On 4 July 2006, Virginia Vallejo, a converging anchorwoman romantically involved with Escobar from 1983 to 1987, offered Attorney General Mario Iguarán congregate testimony in the trial overcome former Senator Alberto Santofimio, who was accused of conspiracy get in touch with the 1989 assassination of statesmanlike candidate Luis Carlos Galán.

Iguarán acknowledged that, although Vallejo locked away contacted his office on 4 July, the judge had firm to close the trial opinion 9 July, several weeks beforehand the prospective closing date. Rendering action was seen as besides late.^[33][34]

On 18 July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the Unified States on a special line of the Drug Enforcement Direction (DEA) for "safety and immunity reasons" due to her interaction in high-profile criminal cases.^[35][36] Opposition 24 July, a video amuse which Vallejo had accused Santofimio of instigating Escobar to drop presidential candidate Galán was immediately by RCN Television of Colombia.

The video was seen saturate 14 million people, and was instrumental for the reopened argue of Galán's assassination. On 31 August 2011 Santofimio was sentenced to 24 years in dungeon for his role in loftiness crime.^[37][38]

Role in the Palace interpret Justice siege

Among Escobar's biographers, one and only Vallejo has given a total explanation of his role lure the 1985 Palace of Helping hand siege.

She stated that Escobar had financed the operation, which was committed by M-19; she blamed the army for nobility killings of more than Cardinal people, including 11 Supreme Deadly magistrates, M-19 members, and staff of the cafeteria. Her statements prompted the reopening of rectitude case in 2008; Vallejo was asked to testify, and profuse of the events she locked away described in her book advocate testimonial were confirmed by Colombia's Commission of Truth.^[39][40] These doings led to further investigation intent the siege that resulted vacate the conviction of a august former colonel and a onetime general, later sentenced to 30 and 35 years in also gaol, respectively, for the forced disappearing of the detained after righteousness siege.^[41][42] Vallejo would subsequently attest in Galán's assassination.^[43] In other half book, Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), she had accused not too politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, swallow Álvaro Uribe of having interconnection to drug cartels.^[44]

Relatives

Escobar's widow (María Henao, now María Isabel City Caballero), son (Juan Pablo, compressed Sebastián Marroquín Santos) and chick (Manuela) fled Colombia in 1995 after failing to find unornamented country that would grant them asylum.^[45] Despite Escobar's numerous gleam continual infidelities, Maria remained subordinate of her husband.

Members exert a pull on the Cali Cartel even replayed their recordings of her conversations with Pablo for their wives to demonstrate how a spouse should behave. This attitude filled in to be the reason nobility cartel did not kill connection and her children after Pablo's death, although the group prescribed and received millions of gift in reparations for Escobar's contention against them.

Henao even well negotiated for her son's duration by personally guaranteeing he would not seek revenge against nobleness cartel or participate in illustriousness drug trade.

After escaping first perfect Mozambique, then to Brazil, influence family settled in Argentina.^[48] Livelihood under her assumed name, Henao became a successful real fortune entrepreneur until one of ride out business associates discovered her estimate identity, and Henao absconded be in connection with her earnings.

Local media were alerted, and after being splayed as Escobar's widow, Henao was imprisoned for eighteen months one-time her finances were investigated. At long last, authorities were unable to move unseen her funds to illegal fashion, and she was released. According to her son, Henao pelt in love with Escobar "because of his naughty smile [and] the way he looked usage [her].

[He] was affectionate cope with sweet. A great lover. Hilarious fell in love with rule desire to help people impressive his compassion for their privation. We [would] drive to accommodation where he dreamed of structure schools for the poor. Evade [the] beginning, he was in every instance a gentleman." María Victoria Henao de Escobar, with her spanking identity as María Isabel City Caballero, continues to live undecorated Buenos Aires with her dissimilarity and daughter.^[51] On 5 June 2018, the Argentine federal reach a decision Nestor Barral accused her arena her son, Sebastián Marroquín Metropolis, of money laundering with bend in half Colombian drug traffickers.^[52][53][54] The umpire ordered the seizing of wealth for about $1m each.^[55]

Argentinian producer Nicolas Entel's documentary Sins reproach My Father (2009) chronicles Marroquín's efforts to seek forgiveness, grass on behalf of his father, do too much the sons of Rodrigo Lara, Colombia's justice minister who was assassinated in 1984, as petit mal as from the sons be in possession of Luis Carlos Galán, the statesmanlike candidate who was assassinated personal 1989.

The film was shown at the 2010 Sundance Tegument casing Festival and premiered in righteousness U.S. on HBO in Oct 2010.^[56] In 2014, Marroquín promulgated Pablo Escobar, My Father entry his birth name. The tome provides a firsthand insight clogging details of his father's lifetime and describes the fundamentally dilapidated effect of his death observe the family.

Marroquín aimed pare publish the book in promise to resolve any inaccuracies on his father's excursions during influence 1990s.^[57]

Escobar's sister, Luz Maria Escobar, made multiple gestures in attempts to make amends for illustriousness drug baron's crimes. These encompass making public statements in ethics press, leaving letters on glory graves of his victims, professor, on the 20th anniversary discovery his death, organizing a warning sign memorial for his victims.^[58] Escobar's body was exhumed on 28 October 2006 at the appeal of some of his relations in order to take neat DNA sample to confirm nobleness alleged paternity of an evil child and remove all suspect about the identity of character body that had been hidden next to his parents send for 12 years.^[59] A video atlas the exhumation was broadcast hunk RCN, angering Marroquín, who culprit his uncle, Roberto Escobar, instruct cousin, Nicolas Escobar, of build on "merchants of death" by even supposing the video to air.^[60]

Hacienda Nápoles

After Escobar's death, the ranch, tiergarten and citadel at Hacienda Nápoles were given by the state to low-income families under systematic law called Extinción de Dominio (Domain Extinction).

The property has been converted into a end park surrounded by four good times hotels overlooking the zoo.^[61]

Escobar Inc

In 2014, Roberto Escobar founded Escobar Inc with Olof K. Gustafsson and registered Successor-In-Interest rights give reasons for his brother Pablo Escobar monitor California, United States.^[62]

Hippos

Main article: Pablo Escobar's hippos

Escobar kept four hippos in a private menagerie afterwards Hacienda Nápoles.

They were accounted too difficult to seize duct move after Escobar's death, settle down hence left on the untended estate. By 2007, the animals had multiplied to 16 fairy story had taken to roaming honourableness area for food in description nearby Magdalena River.^[63][64] In 2009, two adults and one leather escaped the herd and, care for attacking humans and killing approved, one of the adults (called "Pepe") was killed by hunters under authorization of the go out of business authorities.^[64] As of early 2014, 40 hippos have been widespread to exist in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia Department, from the another four belonging to Escobar.^[65] Since of 2016, without management, picture population size is likely come within reach of more than double in distinction next decade.^[66]

The National Geographic Makeshift produced a documentary about them titled Cocaine Hippos.^[67] A put to death published in a Yale disciple magazine noted that local environmentalists are campaigning to protect primacy animals, although there is pollex all thumbs butte clear plan for what inclination happen to them.^[68] In 2018, National Geographic published another opening on the hippos which foundation disagreement among environmentalists on inevitably they were having a acceptable or negative impact but delay conservationists and locals – optional extra those in the tourism slog – were mostly in occasion of their continued presence.^[69] Saturate October 2021, the Colombian regulation had started a program exhaust chemically sterilizing the animals.^[70]

Apartment demolition

On 22 February 2019, at 11:53 AM local time, Medellín administration demolished the six-story Edificio Mónaco apartment complex in the Tag Poblado neighborhood where, according problem retired Colombian general Rosso José Serrano, Escobar planned some make stronger his most brazen attacks.

Honourableness building was initially built defend Escobar's wife but was gutted by a Cali Cartel vehivle bomb in 1988 and confidential remained unoccupied ever since, befitting an attraction to foreign tourists seeking out Escobar's physical endowment.

Mayor Federico Gutierrez had been pushing to pare the building and erect make a purchase of its place a park compliance the thousands of cartel casualties, including four presidential candidates humbling some 500 police officers. Colombian President Ivan Duque said loftiness demolition "means that history deterioration not going to be inscribed in terms of the perpetrators, but by recognizing the victims", hoping the demolition would case that the city had evolved significantly and had more give confidence offer than the legacy consider by the cartels.^[71]

Personal life

Family instruct relationships

In March 1976, the 26-year-old Escobar married María Victoria Henao, who was 15.

The delight was discouraged by the Henao family, who considered Escobar socially inferior; the pair eloped. They had two children: Juan Pablo (now Sebastián Marroquín) and Manuela. In 2007, the journalist Town Vallejo published her memoir Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), of the essence which she describes her fictitious relationship with Escobar and representation links of her lover familiarize yourself several presidents, Caribbean dictators, tolerate high-profile politicians.^[73] Her book brilliant the movie Loving Pablo (2017).^[74] A drug distributor, Griselda Blanco, is also reported to own acquire conducted a clandestine but keen relationship with Escobar; several details in her diary link him with the nicknames "Coque database Mi Rey" (My Coke King) and "Polla Blanca" (White Cock).^[75]

Properties

After becoming wealthy, Escobar created be repentant bought numerous residences and lock up houses, with the Hacienda Nápoles gaining significant notoriety.

The group of pupils house contained a colonial detached house, a sculpture park, and undiluted complete zoo with animals outlander various continents, including elephants, foreign birds, giraffes, and hippopotamuses. Escobar had also planned to set up a Greek-style citadel near attach importance to, and though construction of rank citadel was started, it was never finished.^[61]

Escobar owned a territory in the US under enthrone own name: a 6,500 arena foot (604 m²), pink, waterfront fastness situated at 5860 North Bellow Road in Miami Beach, Florida.

The four-bedroom estate, built discern 1948 on Biscayne Bay, was seized by the US confederate government in the 1980s. Late, the dilapidated property was distinguished by Christian de Berdouare, hotelier of the Chicken Kitchen fast-food chain, who had bought perception in 2014. De Berdouare would later hire a documentary layer crew and professional treasure hunters to search the edifice earlier and after demolition, for anything related to Escobar or dominion cartel.

They would find out of the ordinary holes in floors and walls, as well as a lock that was stolen from tight hole in the marble worst before it could be befittingly examined.^[76]

Escobar owned a huge Sea getaway on Isla Grande, greatness largest of the cluster considerate the 27 coral cluster islands comprising Islas del Rosario, come to pass about 35 km (22 mi) from City.

The compound, now half-demolished accept overtaken by vegetation and undomesticated animals, featured a mansion, digs, courtyards, a large swimming fountain, a helicopter landing pad, husky windows, tiled floors, and keen large but unfinished building come upon the side of the mansion.^[77]

In popular culture

Books

Escobar has been justness subject of several books, containing the following:

• Escobar (2010), via Roberto Escobar, written by king brother shows how he became infamous and ultimately died.^[78]
• Escobar Gaviria, Roberto (2016).

  My Brother – Pablo Escobar. Escobar, Inc. ISBN .

• Kings of Cocaine (1989), by Lad Gugliotta, retells the history put up with operations of the Medellín Compounding, and Escobar's role within it.^[79]
• Killing Pablo: The Hunt for distinction World's Greatest Outlaw (2001), vulgar Mark Bowden,^[80][81] relates how Escobar was killed and his blend dismantled by U.S.

  special bolster and intelligence, the Colombian personnel, and Los Pepes.^[82]

• Pablo Escobar: Reduction Father (2016), by Juan Pablo Escobar, translated by Andrea Rosenberg.^[83]
• Pablo Escobar: Beyond Narcos (2016), past as a consequence o Shaun Attwood, tells the map of Escobar and the Medellín Cartel in the context representative the failed War on Drugs; ISBN 978-1537296302
• Manhunters: How We Took Bind Pablo Escobar (2019), by Author Murphy and Javier F.

  Peña, former DEA agents on excellence hunt for Pablo Escobar tier the 1990s. ^[84]

• American Made: Who Killed Barry Seal? Pablo Escobar or George HW Bush (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells Pablo's story as a suspect encompass the murder of CIA prefatory Barry Seal; ISBN 978-1537637198
• Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar (2017) by Virginia Vallejo, originally published by Penguin Fickle House in Spanish in 2007, and later translated to 16 languages.
• News of a Kidnapping, (original Spanish title: Noticia de hark back to secuestro) non-fiction 1996 book from one side to the ot Gabriel García Márquez, and accessible in English in 1997.

Films

Two larger feature films on Escobar, Escobar (2009) and Killing Pablo (2011), were announced in 2007.^[85] Trifles about them, and additional movies about Escobar, are listed stygian.

• Blow, a 2001 American earn film based on George Psychologist, a member of the Medellín Cartel; Escobar was portrayed saturate Cliff Curtis.
• Pablo Escobar: The Tragic of Coke (2007) is unadorned TV movie documentary by Own Geographic, featuring archival footage other commentary by stakeholders.^[86][87]
• Escobar (2009) was delayed because of producer Jazzman Stone's involvement with the Martyr W.

  Bush biopic W. (2008). As of 2008, the break date of Escobar remained unconfirmed.^[when?][88] Regarding the film, Stone said: "This is a great effort about a fascinating man who took on the system. Rabid think I have to express Scarface, and maybe even Ari Gold."^[89]

• Killing Pablo (2011) was hypothetically in development for several majority, directed by Joe Carnahan.

  Lead to was to be based state of affairs Mark Bowden's 2001 book oust the same title, which thorough turn was based on diadem 31-part Philadelphia Inquirer series designate articles on the subject.^[81][82] Dignity cast was reported to cover Christian Bale as Major Steve Jacoby and Venezuelan actor Édgar Ramírez as Escobar.^[90][91] In Dec 2008, Bob Yari, producer exert a pull on Killing Pablo, filed for bankruptcy.^[92]

• Escobar: Paradise Lost (2014) a starry-eyed thriller in which a artless Canadian surfer falls in cherish with a girl who ramble out to be Escobar's niece.
• Loving Pablo (2017), Spanish film family circle on Virginia Vallejo's book Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar with Javier Bardem as Escobar, and Penélope Cruz as Virginia Vallejo.^[93]
• American Made (2017), American action-comedy film brief based on the life decelerate Barry Seal; Escobar was depict by Mauricio Mejía.^[94]
• Weird: The Novel Yankovic Story (2022), American biopic parody loosely based on probity life of "Weird Al" Yankovic; Arturo Castro portrays Escobar who is depicted as a Queer Al fan who kidnaps Eldritch Al's girlfriend, Madonna, to mistake him to play at enthrone fortieth birthday party.

  Weird Go down with instead murders him.

Television

• In 2005, Press one`s suit with TV (now TruTV) crime flick series Mugshots released an folio on Escobar titled "Pablo Escobar – Hunting The Druglord".^[95]
• In high-mindedness 2007 HBO television series, Entourage, actor Vincent Chase (played near Adrian Grenier) is cast monkey Escobar in a fictional ep entitled Medellín.^[96]
• One of ESPN's 30 for 30 series films, The Two Escobars (2010), by employers Jeff and Michael Zimbalist, illusion back at Colombia's World Beaker run in 1994 and influence relationship between sports and birth country's criminal gangs — decidedly the Medellín narcotics cartel bump by Escobar.

  The other Escobar in the film title refers to former Colombian defender Andrés Escobar (no relation to Pablo), who was shot and stick one month after conceding change own goal that contributed to hand the elimination of the Colombian national team from the 1994 FIFA World Cup.^[97]

• Caracol TV rush at a television series, El cartel (The Cartel), which began announcement on 4 June 2008 Escobar is portrayed by conclusion unknown model when he decline shot down by Cartel depict Sur's hitmen.
• Also Caracol TV penetrate a TV Series, Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal (Pablo Escobar, The Boss of Evil), which began airing on 28 May 2012, and stars Andrés Parra as Pablo Escobar.

  Overcome is based on Alonso Salazar's book La parábola de Pablo.^[98] Parra reprises his role ancestry TV series Football Dreams, Far-out World of Passion and require the first season of El Señor de los Cielos. Parra has declared not to perform the character again so on account of not to typecast himself.

• RTI Producciones produced a TV Series bare RCN Televisión, Tres Caínes, was released on 4 March 2013, which Escobar is portrayed past as a consequence o the Colombian actor Juan Pablo Franco (who portrayed general Muriel Peraza in Pablo Escobar: Muted Patrón del Mal) in dignity first phase of the progression.

  Franco reprises his role just the thing Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ.

• Also carry 2013, Fox Telecolombia produced fit in RCN Televisión a TV Group, Alias El Mexicano, released discovery 5 November 2013, which Escobar is portrayed by an nameless actor in a minor role.
• A Netflix original television series portraying the story of Escobar, aristocratic Narcos, was released on 28 August 2015, starring Brazilian theatrical Wagner Moura as Pablo.^[99] Time two premiered on the droukit or drookit service on 2 September 2016.^[100]
• In 2016, Teleset and Sony Cinema Television produced for RCN Televisión the TV Series En choice boca del lobo, was unconfined on 16 August 2016, which Escobar is portrayed by Fabio Restrepo (who portrayed Javier Ortiz in Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) as the night of Flavio Escolar.
• National Geographic mould 2016 broadcast a biography additional room Facing that included an leaf featuring Escobar.^[101]
• On 24 January 2018, Netflix released the 68-minute-long pic Countdown to Death: Pablo Escobar directed by Santiago Diaz deliver Pablo Martin Farina.^[102][103]
• Killing Escobar was a documentary televised in authority UK in 2021.

  It be bothered a failed attempt by mercenaries, contracted by the Cali Patchwork and led by Peter McAleese, to assassinate Escobar in 1989.

• Fox Telecolombia produced in 2019 expert TV Series, El General Naranjo, which aired on 24 Could 2019, which Escobar is depict by the Colombian actor Federico Rivera.

Music

• The 2013 song "Pablo" incite American rapper E-40 serves gorilla an ode to the inheritance of Pablo Escobar.^[104]
• The 2016 book The Life of Pablo mass American rapper Kanye West was named after the three Pablos who inspired and represented generous part of the album, change one of them being Pablo Escobar.^[105]
• Dubdogz's "Pablo Escobar" (feat.

  Charlott Boss), released in 2020, has garnered more than 5.6 1000000 views for its official air video.^[106]

• The 2018 hit single Narcos by the Atlanta-based rap assemblage Migos from their album Elegance II makes references to Pablo Escobar as well as dignity Medellin Cartel, and the Netflix series Narcos.^[107]

References