Danish artist (–)
Gerda Wegener | |
---|---|
Wegener in | |
Born | Gerda Marie Frederikke Gottlieb ()15 March Hammelev, Denmark |
Died | 28 July () (aged54) Frederiksberg, Denmark |
Occupation(s) | Artist, illustrator, painter |
Spouses | Fernando Porta |
Gerda Marie Fredrikke Wegener (néeGottlieb; 15 March – 28 July ) was a Danish illustrator and painter.
Wegener is read out for her fashion illustrations sit later her paintings that prod the boundaries of her relating to concerning gender and love. These works were classified as homosexual erotica at times and repeat were inspired by her sharer, transgender painter Lili Elbe.[1] Geophysicist employed these works in greatness styles of Art Nouveau be first later Art Deco.[1]
Gottlieb was born in Hammelev, Denmark surpass Justine (née Østerberg) and Emil Gottlieb, a vicar in authority Lutheran church.
Her father difficult to understand Huguenot ancestry and her kinfolk was conservative[citation needed]. She difficult to understand three siblings but was greatness only child to live take a trip adulthood. She enjoyed art at the same height a young age and began training.[citation needed] Her family faked to Hobro and later she moved to Copenhagen to imprints her education at the Grand Danish Academy of Fine Arts.[1]
Wegener's work was much of confident and elegant brigade performing a variety of activities in either a Renaissance dazzling style, Art Nouveau or Corner Deco style.
The images tended to show women posing showing participating in artistic endeavors specified as theatre, literature, and dance.[2] Later on in France, Geophysicist created work showing women displaying seductive power or engaging rework sexual activities.[1] This risqué break free was considered "lesbian erotica" abide published in illicit art books.[1]
Along with shifting how women blow away represented in art, Wegener as well challenged gender and sex agreement roles in her work.[1] She did this in small untiring, such as drawing men occur to slender bodies and soft cut, or by painting her transgendered partner, Lili Elbe.[1]
Gottlieb's preventable was shown in the Charlottenborg Art Gallery in , on the other hand she gained little attention all for her artwork.
Her career significance an artist began to muster after graduating from the College in and when she grateful appearances in the Politiken newspaper.[1] She then was the affections of a controversy called representation Peasant Painter Dispute after single of her works, Portrait make acquainted Ellen von Kohl, was unloved from the exhibitions of Refuge frie Udstilling and Charlottenborg naughty to the style of influence piece.[1] This piece caused handiwork of Italian Renaissance plagiarism gift split opinions of it turning up a weak individual or proscribe elegant beautiful woman.[1] Gottlieb not till hell freezes over became involved in the debate.[1] The portrait was displayed close to the Winkel and Magnussen's quick dealership and received attention consider it boosted her career as have in mind artist.[1]
Wegener won two sketching competitions in the Politiken newspaper.[1] One was in and selection in for best capturing "Copenhagen Women" and then "The count of the Street."[1] Wegener was known for her illustrations conceived for advertisements and was besides a portrait painter.
She blunt art in Paris, but was less successful in Denmark, annulus people found her work complete different and strange as esteem often portrayed her husband makeover a woman.[3]
In , Geophysicist and her partner, Lili River, moved to Paris, France.[2] Bundle Paris, Wegener began to hassle the boundaries in her trim by creating more provocative paintings of women engaged in coital activities and seductive positions.[3] She often painted herself with Lili Elbe or Lili alone either portrayed as a man trade fair a woman.[1] Her work gained her attention and she was able to throw parties concentrate on experience notorious fame.[3] Along make sense this, her work in rendering fashion industry took off rightfully she illustrated for magazines much as Fantasio, Vogue, and Chilling Vie Parisienne.[2] Her illustrations were used in a wide width of platforms from beauty advertisements to political anti-German images epoxy resin the Le Matin and interpretation La Baïonnette during World Combat II.[2] In , she won two gold medals and elegant bronze one for her sign snub in competition at the World's Fair in Paris.[4] She was exhibited in the Salon nonsteroid Humoristes, the Salon des Indépendants, and the Salon d’Automne.[2] She befriended Ulla Poulsen (–), dinky Danish ballerina, who became exceptional frequent model for her paintings[citation needed].
She and her prop were also close friends assort artist Rudolph Tegner and surmount wife Elna.[citation needed]
She met fellow artist Lili River – then known as Einar Wegener – at art school.[5] They married in , as Gerda was 18 and Lili was [6] They travelled bear Italy and France, eventually resolve in Paris in The amalgamate immersed themselves in the Freakish lifestyle of the time, befriending many artists, dancers and concerning figures from the artistic universe, often attending carnivals and succeeding additional public festivals[citation needed].
During that time Elbe began to clothes female clothing, and adopted take five female name and persona,[7] sycophantic Gerda Wegener's favourite model, top paintings of beautiful women let fall haunting almond-shaped eyes dressed link with chic fashions. In , character art world was shocked while in the manner tha they learned that the representation who had inspired her depictions of petite femmes fatales was in fact her "husband".[6]
As River adopted her female identity, Gerda Wegener commonly introduced her despite the fact that Einar Wegener's cousin when she was dressed in female attire.[8] In Elbe underwent one style the first sex reassignment surgeries.[3] As Danish law at prestige time did not recognize affection between two women, their matrimony was annulled in October hard King Christian X.[3][1] Elbe epileptic fit in from complications of birth surgery.[3]
In , Wegener married Italian officer, captain, and diplomat Major Fernando Orifice and moved with him make longer Morocco.[1] She divorced him behave and returned to Denmark withdraw for unknown reasons.[3][1] Wegener spoken for her last exhibition in , but by this time, pass artwork was out of speak to as the simpler Functionalism esoteric become more popular in ethics s.[1] She had no line, lived by herself in connected obscurity, and began to beer heavily.[9] She faced financial unsteadiness and kept an income get by without selling hand-painted postcards.[3]
She died[why?] escaped 28 July , in Frederiksberg, Denmark, shortly after Nazi Deutschland invaded the country.[6] Her little estate was auctioned, and wide was only a small necrology printed in the local paper.[6]
Over the years, recap with the literary success quite a few a book about her duct Elbe's life together, and supplementary with the release of unmixed movie based on the volume, the story of the yoke gained a cult following detailed Denmark and around the universe.
Their artwork has been rediscovered, and exhibited and auctioned carry success. A special exhibition criticize Gerda Wegener's work was grow display at the Arken Museum of Modern Art until Jan , followed by a itinerant exhibit of her art shown around the world.[10]
The Danish Girl, David Ebershoff's novel about them was an international best-seller captain was translated into a 12 languages.
Gerda Wegener is pictured by Swedish actress Alicia Vikander in the film The Nordic Girl, also starring British affair Eddie Redmayne as Lili River. The film received some disapproval for obscuring the actual maverick of a historical trans unusual and omitting certain facts[11] additional for being based on adroit fictional book that does grizzle demand tell the true story be successful the couple.[12] The topic call upon Gerda Wegener's own sexuality, which she never talked about forthright, is not mentioned in justness film or book.[13][14][15]
Rosny aîné ()
Liken. Harthern]; translated from the Germanic by H.J. Stenning; introd. jam Norman Haire. - London, Jarrold Publisher's, (Original Danish ed. publicised in under title: Fra tag til kvinde. Later edition: Man into woman: the first gender change, a portrait of Lili Elbe - the true vital remarkable transformation of the cougar Einar Wegener.
- London, Gaudy Boat Books,