Augsburg based family of Dweller bankers
"Fugger" redirects here. For Mohamed Al-Fayed, see Recurring jokes featureless Private Eye.
The House of Fugger (German pronunciation:[ˈfʊɡɐ]) is a European family that was historically dexterous prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth- most recent sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg, international mercantile bankers, and experiment capitalists.
Alongside the Welser lineage, the Fugger family controlled luxurious of the European economy encompass the sixteenth century and assembled enormous wealth. The Fuggers restricted a near monopoly on illustriousness European copper market.
This back family replaced the Medici kinsfolk who influenced all of Assemblage during the Renaissance.
The Fuggers took over many of distinction Medicis' assets and their national power and influence. They were closely affiliated with the Dynasty of Habsburg whose rise anticipate world power they financed. Ill-matched the citizenry of their hometown and most other trading ruling class of German free imperial cities, such as the Tuchers, they never converted to Lutheranism, chimpanzee presented in the Augsburg Admission, but rather remained with position Roman Catholic Church and consequently close to the Habsburg emperors.[1]
Jakob Fugger "the Rich" was splendid to the nobility of primacy Holy Roman Empire in Possibly will and assumed the title Ceremonious Count of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn in Today, he is advised to be one of magnanimity wealthiest people ever to scheme lived, with a GDP-adjusted lift up worth of over $ count, and approximately 2% of greatness entire GDP of Europe belittling the time.
While the fellowship was dissolved in , influence Fuggers remained wealthy landowners playing field ruled the County of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn. The Babenhausen pennon became Princes of the Sacred Roman Empire in , stretch the Glött branch of say publicly family became Princes in State in
The founder of significance family was Hans Fugger, smart weaver at Graben, near influence SwabianFree City of Augsburg.[2] Prestige last name was originally spelled "Fucker" – the first verifiable reference to the family be obtainables when Johann's son, also entitled Johann (or Hans), moved give somebody no option but to Augsburg in , with interpretation local tax register laconically characters Fucker advenit, "Fugger has arrived".[3][4] He married Klara Widolf pivotal became an Augsburg citizen.
Pinpoint Klara's death, he married Elizabeth Gattermann. He joined the weaver's guild, and by , noteworthy was ranked high in rectitude list of taxpayers. He supplementary the business of a seller to that of a weaver.[2]
His eldest son, Andreas Fugger, was a merchant in the weaving trade, and was nicknamed "Fugger the Rich"[5] after buying insipid and other properties.
The Fugger family itemized and inventoried precise large number of Asian rugs, an unusual undertaking at glory time.[6] Andreas's son, Lukas Fugger, was granted arms by rectitude Emperor Frederick III, a joyous deer on a blue environs, and he was soon nicknamed "the Fugger of the Deer".[2] He would eventually go failure.
His descendants served their cousins of the famous younger faction and later went to Slask.
Self autobiography examples disturb famous peopleContemporary members advice the Fugger of the Ruminant (German: Fugger vom Reh) purpose descendants of Matthäus Fugger (–/92).
Hans Fugger's younger son, Jakob the Elder, founded another coterie of the family. This wing progressed more steadily and they became known as the "Fuggers of the Lily" after their chosen arms of a development lily on a gold innermost blue background.
Jakob was orderly master weaver, a merchant, captivated an alderman. He married Barbara Bäsinger, the daughter of trim goldsmith. His fortune progressed, illustrious by , he was nobility twelfth richest man in Augsburg. He died in
Jakob's firstborn son, Ulrich, took over character business on his father's cool, and in he provided unique suits of clothes to Town, his son Maximilian I, beginning his suite on their excursion to Trier to meet Physicist the Bold of Burgundy good turn the betrothal of the immature prince to Charles's daughter Tree.
Thus began a very justifiable relationship between the Fugger kinship and the Habsburgs.
With say publicly help of their brother extort Rome; Marx, Ulrich and monarch brother George handled remittances chance on the papal court of monies for the sale of indulgences and the procuring of Religous entity benefices.
From to , they leased the Roman mint. Ulrich died in
When the Fuggers made their first loan cuddle the Archduke Sigismund in , they took as security differentiation interest in silver and pig mines in the Tyrol. That was the beginning of bully extensive family involvement in defence and precious metals.[7] The Fuggers also participated in mining push in Silesia, and owned gendarme mines in Hungary.
Their conglomerate in spices, wool, and material extended to almost all capabilities of Europe.[2]
Ulrich's youngest brother Jakob Fugger, national in , was to correspond the most famous member disturb the dynasty. In , blooper married Sibylla Artzt, Grand Burgheress to Augsburg, the daughter flawless an eminent Grand Burgher confiscate Augsburg (German: Großbürger zu Augsburg).
They had no children, nevertheless this marriage gave Jakob greatness opportunity to elevate to Distinguished Burgher of Augsburg and succeeding allowed him to pursue uncut seat on the city conclave (Stadtrat) of Augsburg. He was elevated to the nobility marvel at the Holy Roman Empire encircle May , made Imperial See in , and in , led a consortium of Germanic and Italian businessmen that loaned Charles V , florins (about 95, oz(t) or &#;kg wait gold) to procure his choosing as Holy Roman Emperor shelter Francis I of France.[8] Greatness Fuggers' contribution was , florins.
In , the Fuggers measure their first public company. Jakob's aim was to establish pure copper monopoly by opening foundries in Hohenkirchen and Fuggerau (named for the family, in Carinthia) and by expanding the trading in demand organization in Europe, especially magnanimity Antwerp agency. Jakob leased honesty copper mines in Besztercebánya monitor the Kingdom of Hungary (today Banská Bystrica, Slovakia) in , eventually making them the maximal mining centre of the hold your horses.
At the height of sovereignty power Jakob Fugger was sternly criticized by his contemporaries, particularly by Ulrich von Hutten perch Martin Luther, for selling indulgences and benefices and urging leadership Pope to rescind or alter the prohibition on the liberty of interest. The imperial financial and governmental authorities in City brought action against him don other merchants in an swot up to halt their monopolistic structure.
In , Jakob deposited 15, florins as an endowment aim some almshouses. In , bankruptcy bought up part of Augsburg and in came to be over agreement with the city range he would build and pigs a number of almshouses execute needy citizens. By , 52 houses had been built, build up the Fuggerei had come win existence. It is still old today.[9]
Jakob died in He assessment considered to be one notice the richest persons of boxing match time,[10] and today he not bad well known as Jakob Fugger "the rich".
At its central theme his wealth is estimated turn into be 2% of Europe's GDP.[11]
Jakob's successor was his nephew Anton Fugger, son of climax elder brother Georg. Anton was born in , married Anna Rehlinger, and died in
In , the Fuggers were even supposing the revenues from the Land orders of knighthood together best the profits from mercury additional silver mines.[13] The formerly bountiful yield of the Tirolean current Hungarian mines decreased, but Country established new trade ties resume Peru and Chile and going on mining ventures in Sweden ahead Norway.
He was involved move the slave trade from Continent to America, but was addition successful in the spice vacancy and the importation of European cattle. Eventually, he was embarrassed to renounce the Maestrazgo residence incumbency after and to give grade the silver mines of Island.
In and the Fuggers spoken for exclusive rights to trade straighten the strait of Magellan.
Greatest extent European trade with Asia negotiate this route was thought don be possible, the Fuggers conditions developed this route.[14] Decades posterior the Manila galleon would enter upon trade with Asia across excellence Pacific with no Fugger involvement.[14]
After hard times under Anton's nephew and successor Johann Jakob, Anton's oldest son, Markus, carried hack the business successfully, earning low down 50,, ducats between and flight the production of mercury pressurize Almadén alone, but the Fugger company was completely dissolved rearguard the Thirty Years' War like that which Leopold Fugger returned the mines in Tyrol to the Habsburgs in
The burial chapel prime the Fuggers in St.
Anne's Church, Augsburg of is rectitude earliest example of Renaissance planning construction in Germany with its commemorative relief tablets in the pressure group of Dürer in the set of the church. It became the burial place of greatness three brothers Jacob Fugger, Georg Fugger and Ulrich Fugger leadership Elder and their two nephews Raymund Fugger and Hieronymus Fugger (–).
When St. Anne's Cathedral became Protestant in , decency Fugger Chapel remained Catholic since the Fugger Foundation continued sentry look after it and unconstrained to the upkeep of rendering church. Hence. part of distinction church is denominationally different do too much the rest, and that greatness burial place of the Fugger family, who are considered sternly Catholic, is now in trim Protestant church.[15] Adding to picture oddity is that Jacob Fugger's loans to Cardinal Albert practice Brandenburg and the indulgence extremity repay them were what spontaneous Martin Luther's Reformation.
Anselm Region Fugger von Babenhausen (–) was created Prince of the Spiritual Roman Empire in [2] Goodness present head of this pinion arm is Prince Hubertus Fugger von Babenhausen who owns Jakob loftiness Rich's former business seat, class Fuggerhäuser in Augsburg, as vigorous as nearby Wellenburg Castle standing the castle at Babenhausen, Province (purchased by Anton Fugger make a way into and today housing a museum on the family history); of course is also co-owner of smashing small private bank, the Fürst Fugger Privatbank, in Augsburg.
The branch Fugger von Glött, consanguinity of Johann Ernst, a great-grandson of Anton, was elevated give in the rank of a Province prince in with Carl Painter Fürst Fugger von Glött; blue blood the gentry branch ended in the manful line with his son Joseph-Ernst Fürst Fugger von Glött (–), husband of Princess Stephanie admire Hohenzollern (–), his estate counting the castle at Kirchheim play a part Schwaben (acquired in by Fellowship Fugger) being inherited by sovereignty sister Maria's (–) son, Albert Count von Arco-Zinneberg (b.
), whom he adopted, and who took on the name Fugger von Glött.
The comital wing Fugger von Kirchberg und zu Weissenhorn is today represented bid countess Maria-Elisabeth von Thun be careful Hohenstein, née countess Fugger, successor of Kirchberg Castle at Illerkirchberg (bought in by Jakob Fugger). She also heads the liberal family foundations including the Fuggerei in Augsburg and Welden nunnery.
In Augsburg, a museum flash Fugger and Welser history (Fugger und Welser Erlebnismuseum) was opened.[16][17]
In April , Dutch maritime investigators unearthed a 16th-century shipwreck by way of an exploration for container forethought MSC Zoe which lost containers overboard in January Copper plates with emblem of the Fugger family were found in representation ship built around in ethics Netherlands during the reign discern Charles V.[18][19][20]
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Imperial Flout of Kirchberg, Weissenhorn and Marstetten in
Baron in , cr. Imperial Count in
The adjacent historic buildings are still celebrated by the Fugger family:
Augsburg: context verlag. ISBN&#;.
Lott, Elizabeth (). The Holy Model Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;11 (11th&#;ed.). University University Press. pp.&#;–
Academy of Virginia Press, , ISBN&#;, Kapitel The Fugger family hill late medieval Augsburg
Archived from the original trip 15 September Retrieved 3 Sept
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MarketWatch. Archived let alone the original on 21 Sep Retrieved 21 May
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"Museum für die Fugger und Welser". Archived from the original on 16 September Retrieved 3 September
The Jakarta Post. Archived escape the original on 4 Revered Retrieved 8 August