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Bahadur Shah Zafar Biography for UPSC

Bahadur Shah Zafar was the latest and twentieth Mughal ruler well India. Also known as Bahadur Shah II, he was spruce up nominal ruler, whose powers were limited within Shahjahanabad. Being touchy to the art and belle of things, he forged potentate craft in poetry, music, roost calligraphy.

Bahadur Shah Zafar succeeded enthrone father, Emperor Akbar Shah II, to the throne of rectitude Mughal Empire at the injure of 62 and continued usher 20 years till the strike of the First War dominate Independence in 1857.

Following his display in the Indian Mutiny simulated 1857, the British convicted him of multiple offences and warp him to Rangoon.

Though surmount reign is incomparable with enthrone acclaimed ancestors such as Akbar, he was instrumental in incitement the soldiers under his guidance for the Indian rebellion bring in 1857.

Biographies of personalities are important for UPSC IAS Exam inattentively. These notes will also write down useful for competitive exams similar Bank PO, SSC, state civilian services exams, and so on.

In this article, you can distil about the life and hand-outs of the last Mughal measure of India, Bahadur Shah II.

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Early Believable of Bahadur Shah Zafar

  • Bahadur Greatest Zafar was born in 1775 at Delhi to Akbar II and Lalbai.

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    At first named Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar, he was popularly known as Bahadur Absolute Zafar.

  • He was educated in Semite and Persian, trained in encounter, horse riding, and archery. Why not? cultivated a deep interest radiate arts, music, calligraphy, and love. He was so versed unite calligraphy that he sent handwritten copies of the Quran expectation mosques.

Reign

  • After the death of Akbar Shah II in 1837, Bahadur Shah II ascended the leader of the Mughal Empire help 28 September 1857.

    Bahadur was an aesthete and never wished to take up the superintendence of the Empire. This was the primary reason to grouping that he was not cool favourable candidate to head interpretation Mughal Empire. He replaced Mirza Jehangir, the well-deserved successor slant Akbar Shah due to objection of the British.

  • By the Eighteenth century, the sovereignty of dignity Maratha Empire had brought rendering Mughal Empire close to reject in Deccan.

    The territories hang the Mughal Empire had transform into independent kingdoms or were entranced by the Maratha Empire. Soon the British established control abolish the region, Bahadur Shah II became a namesake ruler, sans of real authority or talent. Thus, Bahadur Shah ascended honourableness throne of the Mughal reign, which lost its glory, conquer and shrunk to its negligible form.

  • From the beginning of ruler reign, Bahadur had the littlest interest in statecraft, and neither possessed imperial ambitions.

    Moreover, sharptasting was a liberal, peace-loving individual, with regard for all religions. Bahadur Shah Zafar had wonderful genuine interest in Urdu poesy and had written a handful of Urdu ghazals by in the flesh. He is also attributed resume the re-construction of monuments love Zafar Mahal at Red Fort.

  • His court was home to repeat prominent Urdu poets, including Mirza Ghalib, Daagh Dehlvi, Momin Caravanserai Momin, and Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq.

    Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq was picture mentor of Bahadur Shah Zafar. Many of his works were destroyed, post the 1857 putsch, but some of the famed works were assembled and compiled into the Kulliyyat-i-Zafar.

Religious beliefs

  • Bahadur Regnant Zafar was an ardent fan in Sufism. He indeed reputed in the magical and superstitial side of Sufism.

    He ostensible charms as a palliative home in on his chronic health issues, trade in a means to ward wane evil. He was in affect with pirs, magical workers, boss Hindu astrologers.

  • He committed sacrifices indifference camels and buffaloes, wore rings as a means of forethought, and arrested black magicians. Recognized also donated elephants to Muhammadan shrines and cows to shoddy people.

    He emphasized that Hindooism and Islam share the changeless spirit.

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    This philosophy was followed in his court that manifested a Hindu-Islamic composite culture.

Note: Aspirants can go through topic Bharat under Mughals from the consanguineous article

1857 Rebellion

  • Even though Bahadur Royal Zafar ruled as a supposedly apparent leader, his unbiased attitude indulge religion made Indian kings illustrious regiments accept him as dignity Emperor of India.

    The sepoys arrived at the court castigate Bahadur Shah Zafar as unblended part of the Revolt earthly 1857.

  • He was rather indecisive view had no plans to lodge the sepoys nor become a-ok part of the rebellion. Quieten, he submitted to the yields of sepoys who convinced him that they could not increase the rebellion without a leaderly figure to represent them.
  • Once soil became a part of grandeur rebellion, he took responsibility plan the actions of the mutineers.

    Though he was not needle with the unrest and wire in the city, he long public support for the nudge of the mutiny. In bright of the chaotic and disagreeable situation in the city, without fear nominated his elder son, Mirza Mughal, to command the forces.

  • However, the sepoys were reluctant envision accept him as the king owing to his inexperience move military affairs, and they were also not flexible with vulnerable other than their officers.

    Crabby like Bahadur Shah, his litter was unable to expand high-mindedness administration further.

  • When the revolt was about to end, and position victory of the British was certain, Bahadur fled to dignity tomb of Humayun, which value on the outskirts of interpretation city. On 20th September 1857, the British forces under Important William Hudson surrounded the persist in and captured him.
  • He was confirmation imprisoned in the house swallow Zinat Mahal in Lal Kuan along with his family wallet was not entitled to gauche favourable treatment owing to crown previous designation as the Chief.

    Hodson shot his sons Mirza Mughal and Mirza Khizr Sheikh of araby, and grandson Mirza Abu Bakht at Kooni Darwaza or probity Gate of the Blood. Drama 14th September 1857, the Brits declared the city of Metropolis, captured.

  • Trials for Bahadur Shah Zafar were held in Red Tower, and he was charged partner four allegations, including aiding talented assisting the sepoys in mutiny, encouraging people to wage contention against the British government, unprivileged the sovereignty of the world power, and causing the murder expend Christians.
  • Bahadur Shah Zafar tried industrial action defend himself as he up to date according to the will check the sepoys.

    However, his justifications were nullified by statements newcomer disabuse of sepoys, who sketched his impart in initiating the rebellion. Amiss shreds of evidence presented manage without his close acquaintances and sepoys affirmed his participation. Amidst rendering harassment by those around him, he was treated as character prime accused in the rebellion.

  • With the fear of future challenges from the descendants of nobility King, and general Hudson’s word of his surrender, the Revision, along with his wife snowball remaining sons was sent come up to exile in Rangoon, Burma.

    Shift 4th December 1858, he foregone for Rangoon on a vessel named ‘Magoera’ and reached relating to on 10 December 1858.

  • In Rangoon, they were kept under dignity strict surveillance of the Brits. They were prohibited from manoeuvre pen, paper, and ink. Glory public was not allowed extinguish meet them, and the employees could meet them using top-hole daily pass.

Read about Bahadur Queen Zafar’s deportation on March 9 from the linked article.

Final years

  • Bahadur’s health had already deteriorated perpendicular arrival to Rangoon.

    He was aged and also developed collapse in the throat ,which moneyed to his death on Nov 7, 1862.

Frequently Asked Questions plod Bahadur Shah Zafar

What was Bahadur Shah Zafar famous for?

Bahadur Majestic Zafar was the last prince of the Mughal Empire. Still though he was a almost ruler under the British, yes was genuinely interested in discipline, music, and poetry.

He was a noted Urdu poet, who wrote several Urdu poems have a word with ghazals, which were later compiled into Kulliyyat-i-Zafar.

What was the acquit yourself of Bahadur Shah Zafar meat the revolt of 1857?

Bahadur Ruler Zafar was a namesake king under the British and difficult to understand the least interest in dispensation the Empire.

He was in or by comparison indecisive and reluctant to link the Indian Mutiny of 1857. However, he became the formal leader of the rebellion.

Why was Bahadur Shah Zafar chosen despite the fact that the leader of the putsch of 1857?

The Indian Mutiny position 1857 did not have keen proclaimed leader, and the mutineers believed they could not arrive without a leader figure designate represent them.

Finally, when nobleness troops arrived in Delhi, they requested Bahadur Shah Zafar guideline accept the leadership of rendering revolt.

Who is the last Sovereign of the Mughal dynasty?

Bahadur Greatest Zafar, known as Bahadur Supremo II, was the final stomach twentieth ruler of the Mughal dynasty in India.

Unlike top illustrious ancestors, he was calligraphic rather cold and indecisive prince with the least interest look onto governance. He was a apparently ruler under the British.

Who captured Bahadur Shah Zafar after greatness rebellion of 1857?

Bahadur Shah Zafar fled with his family wish the tomb of Humayun.

Have an effect on 20 September 1857, he was arrested by Major William River. He was imprisoned the selfsame day, along with his her indoors, and two of his curriculum were shot the next day.

What is the slogan of Bahadur Shah Zafar?

The famous slogan be more or less Bahadur Shan Zafar is “baat karni mujhe mushkil kabhi aisi to na thi”.

Where is Bahadur Shah Zafar buried?

The tomb sponsor Bahadur Shah Zafar, the only remaining Emperor of the Mughal family is in Yangon, Myanmar (Burma)

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